HISTORY OF TAXONOMIC MYCOLOGY IN BELARUS:
A BIBLIOGRAPHIC SURVEY
Anamorphic fungi
The data on anamorphic (= mitosporic, conidial, imperfect, Deuteromycetes) fungi in Belarus are still not summarized and dispersed in a big number of printed sources; thus it is still a difficult task to determine in what source a species was published for the first time for the country.
The earliest data on anamorphic taxa were included in the book by Jundziłł (1830), where 17 species were briefly described. Two species from the genus Erineum (incertae sedis) were published by Błoński (1889).
Some data on anamorphic fungi from Belarus occurred in the year-book on plant diseases and damage, published in St-Petersburg, e.g. Fusicladium pyrinum (Jaczewski, 1907: 114). In 1913 Schembel published 29 coelomycetes and 22 hyphomycetes from Minsk province. Fourty-two species were listed by Kastory (1912) for Vitsebsk and Orsha vicinity. Two Gloeosporium (‘Gleosporium') species were reported by Dorogin (1912).
Tvelve species were reported in the article by Wyssotzky et al. (1925). Anamorphic fungi were published by Lebedeva: 3 species in the first list (1925, Erstes...), 23 species in the second list, some of them with remarks on morphology (1925, Zweites...), and 6 species in the third list (1935). Five species were listed by Nestertschuk (1927). Tupenevitch identified 6 species pathogenic to Lupinus (1932, Investigations…) and published a list of 53 species (1932, Die parasitischen…). Rich list of anamorphic fungi, including 69 species collected in Valkavysk town and its vicinity, was published by Tumiłowiczówna (1935).
A number of subsequent works were devoted to Fusarium species occurring on agricultural plants. Guletskaya (1958, The mainest…) reported 6 Fusarium species and 3 other anamorphic fungi isolated from diseased maize. In a paper issued simultaneously, Guletskaya (1958, Description…) described the morphology of 6 Fusarium species in culture. Eight Fusarium species were identified on roots of winter crops (Dorozhkin & Novik, 1973). Four Fusarium species were identified on rotten rye roots (Obukhovich, 1973). Five Fusarium secies were reported by Shit' (1974) and 6 by Lukashik (1974). Nine Fusarium species from winter rye were recorded by Novik (1975). Novikova (1982) reported 6 Fusarium species isolated from rotten potato tubers. Four Fusarium species were identified on cultivated Dianthus (Kobzarova, 1982). Eight Fusarium species collected from decayed potato tubers in Belarus were described in culture by Dorozhkin et al. (1984). Five Fusarium species from potato were reported by Dorozhkin et al. (1985). Dorozhkin et al. (1990) reported 11 anamorphic fungi, including 6 Fusarium species, isolated from seeds, young growth, and roots of clover. Kornei and Nitievskaya (1993, Micromycetes…) reported 8 Fusarium species and 4 other anamorphic fungi found in rhizosphere of meadow clover. Five Fusarium species were identified by Polyksenova et al. (1996) from lupin and tomato. Seven Fusarium species were reported on wheat by Artyomova (2004).
A rich series of works was devoted to anamorphic fungi, especially parasitic ones, inhabiting cultivated fabaceous herbs. The morphology of Kabatiella caulivora on clover was described and illustrated by Kudryasheva (1958). Eight species causing lupin diseases were described, 5 of them illustrated by Chekalinskaya (1958). Two Stemphylium species from Lupinus are discussed by Chekalinskaya (1961, Lupin stemphyliosis…). Fifteen species identified on Lupinus were reported and 9 of them described in Candidate thesis abstract by Chekalinskaya (1961, Lupin diseases…). Fourteen pathogenic species on cultivated Lupinus spp. were discussed by Dorozhkin and Chekalinskaya (1965), 6 of them were illustrated. Twelve species parasitizing Vicia were reported by Nitievskaya and Chekalinskaya (1975). Seventy-one species (supplied with species epithets) inhabiting fabaceous plants were discussed in a book by Dorozhkin et al. (1978, Fabaceous…), 13 of them were supplied by illustrations. Five species on fabaceous plants were reported and described by Dorozhkin et al. (1978, Little studied…). Features of Ascochyta trifolii in culture were discussed by Dorozhkin et al. (1983). Morphology of two Stemphylium species in culture was described by Dorozhkin and Nitievskaya (1984, Fabaceous…). Morphology of Ascochyta imperfecta in culture was described by Dorozhkin and Pekel'naya (1985). Six species pathogenic to Trifolium were discussed by Dorozhkin et al. (1987). Fourty-nine species from fabaceous herbs were discussed and accompanied by morphology description in the book by Dorozhkin and Nitievskaya (1990). Besides, the fungi on wild herbaceous Fabaceae in Belarus were studied in 1972–1975: Dorozhkin et al. (1977) reported and briefly described 17 species.
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Cover and title page of the collection of papers on crop diseases edited by Dorozhkin (1958) |
Cover and title page of the book 'Lupin diseases' by Dorozhkin and Chekalinskaya (1965) |
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Cover and title page of the book by Dorozhkin et al. (1978)
‘Fabaceous crops diseases in the BSSR' |
Cover and title page of the book 'Potato diseases' by Dorozhkin and Bel'skaya (1979) |
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Cover and title page of the book on pathogenic fungi on fabaceous herbs by Dorozhkin and Nitievskaya (1990). |
Illustrations of Stemphylium sarciniforme, S. botryosum, and Stagonospora compta from Dorozhkin and Nitievskaya (1990) |
Rather numerous works with species records and taxonomic data were devoted to anamorphic fungi parasitizing non-fabaceous crops and wild plants. Strel'skaya (1958) described and illustrated morphology of Colletotrichum lini. Bondar' (1971) described 3 Phyllosticta species. Gorovets reported 6 Cercospora species (1972) and 18 species parasitizing the Asteraceae (1975). Two coelomycetes were reported by Gryshanovich (1976). Twelve Ascochyta species were discussed by Dorozhkin et al. (1977, The fungi…), 10 of them were supplied by morphological descriptions. Morphology of Ascochyta melonis and its teleomorph in culture was briefly described by Dorozhkin and Ganzhina (1977). Two Stemphylium species were discussed by Dorozhkin et al. (1982). Eleven species causing leaf and fruit spots of apple-tree were published by Bondar' (1982). Six species inhabiting onion and garlic were discussed by Kupreenko (1987). Gorlenko et al. (1990) described 35 species causing diseases of fodder cultures, 7 of them were illustrated. Gorlenko and Buga (1996) listed 27 pathogenic species identified on cultured cranberries. Galynskaya and Lyaguskii (1999) reported 8 species parasitizing the Vacciniaceae. Fourty-one species were reported by Polyksenova et al. (2000). Twenty species recorded in Loshytsa Park and Garden complex (Minsk) were published by Girilovich et al. (2002). Five species from ginseng were identified by Golubeva et al. (2004). Three Alternaria species were discussed by Fedorovich (2005; 2006). Seven Alternaria species were reported by Polyksenova et al. (2006: 28).
Two Oidium species were recorded by Kudryasheva and Stefanovich (1965). A hyperparasite Cicinobolus cesatii was published for Belarus by Stefanovich (1982). Single Oidium species was reported among teleomorphic Erysiphales by Polyksenova and Stefanovich (2006).
The taxonomy of Phoma solanicola was discussed by Dorozhkin et al. (1977, The taxonomy…). Alekseeva (1981) identified 11 species from the genera Acremonium, Fusarium, and Phoma from rotten potato tubers. Belskaya (1982) reported 14 species causing potato tuber rot. Morphological description of 6 anamorphic fungi were included in the handbook on potato diseases by Dorozhkin and Belskaya (1979).
The works on microfungi parasitizing ornamental and flower plants, especially in Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences and in Minsk City plantations, constitute the next thematic group of papers. In 1958–1959 the fungi parasitizing plants from the Garden collections were recorded by A.I. Kustova. Fourteen anamorphic species were reported in the paper by Kustova and Losinskya (1960). Eighteen species were reported, 3 of them decribed and 2 illustrated by Gorlenko (1961). Twenty-nine species recorded in the Garden were published by Gorlenko (1966). The article includes also description of 5 and illustration of 2 species. Eight coelomycetes and 1 Fusicladium were reported on poplars by Vasil'eva (1966). Fifty-two species were mentioned by Gorlenko and Pan'ko (1967). The pocket handbook on ornamental flower diseases by Gorlenko (1969) includes short morphological descriptions of 225 species recorded in USSR and partly adjacent countries (but without information on geography for the species), and simple original line drawings of microstructures for 13 species. Fifty-four species were reported in a book by Gorlenko and Pan'ko (1972). Thirty-six species were mentioned in the Doctoral thesis abstract by Gorlenko (1974). Podobnaya (1983) published a list of 22 species occurring on Rosa spp. Twenty-two species attacking Rosa ssp. were listed by Gorlenko et al. (1984). Nine coelomycetes on Rosa were mentioned in Cadidate thesis abstract by Galynskaya (1986). Fourteen hyphomycetes and 62 coelomycete species parasitizing introduced trees and shrubs were discussed in a book by Gorlenko et al. (1988); there are also the tables describing morphology of 17 Gloeosporium, 14 Phyllosticta, and 8 Septoria species in this book. Two coelomycetes on Phlox were reported by Dishuk and Gaishun (1996). Six species on Tilia were published by Dishuk et al. (2004). Khramtsov (2005) identified 5 species inhabiting living leaves of Populus spp.
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Cover and title page of the book by Gorlenko (1969) |
Cover and title page of the book by Gorlenko and Pan'ko (1972) |
Cover and title page of the book by Gorlenko et al. (1988) |
Korzenok (1990) published a list of 39 anamorphic fungi occurring on conifer seedlings in nurseries. He also described and illustrated a rare coelomycete Acarosporium sympodiale (Korzenok, 1991). Later (1993) he reported 3 coelomycete species.
Two saprobic anamorphic fungi were reported by Gapienko (1985: 12). An article by Yurchenko (2001, On some…) gives detailed descriptions and illustrations of 10 dematiaceous hyphomycetes collected on decayed wood. The anamorphic states of 18 fungi found on macroscopic fructifications of other fungi, mostly agarics, were reported in the paper by Arnold and Yurchenko (2007); 16 of them were supplied by notations on morphology, 12 were illustrated.
A series of papers was devoted to aquatic hyphomycetes. Thirteen species collected in 1974–1975 in Minsk City were reported and supplied by morphological descriptions in the work by Stefanovich and Golubkov (1976). The regular research into aquatic hyphomycetes, mostly in central part of Belarus, was carried out by Vladislav Gulis. In 1999 he published a list of taxa, 43 of which were identified up to specific level; 15 species were reported for the first time for Belarus (Gulis, 1999, Preliminary…). His Candidate thesis manuscript (see Gulis, 1999, Aquatic…) contained a key to 50 species and their morphological descriptions. In the article published in 2001 Gulis reported 47 species from Belarus.
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Cover of a monograph by Belomesyatseva (2004) ‘Mycobiota in the consortium of juniper in Belarus' |
Taxonomic novelties. The publishings of 6 new species were based on Belarusian material.
At the beginnin of 20th century Schembel described a new species Diplodia viciae, collected in Minsk province (Mar'yanovo) on stems and leaves of Vicia cracca (Schembel, 1913: 704–705, Latin diagnosis on p. 705, fig. 619 on p. 704).
A new species Cladosporium lupiniphilum was described by Uve Braun based on the holotype collected in 1959 on Lupinus luteus near Minsk and stored in LEP herbarium under the name Ramularia lupini (Braun, 1998: 410–411, Latin diagnosis on p. 410, fig. 664 on p. 411).
An aquatic hyphomycete Filosporella exilis was described by Gulis and Marvanová (1998: 313), with the holotype deposited in IMI (No. 378148). One year later 3 new aquatic hyphomycetes were published by Gulis and Marvanová (1999): Anguillospora rubescens (p. 238–241), Sporidesmium fuscum (p. 242–245), and Taeniolella typhoides (p. 246–249). Later Sporidesmium fuscum was synonymized with Sporidesmium subfuscum Marvanová & Gulis (Marvanová & Gulis, 2002).