Pyrus communis L.

Selection criteria. Country: any country. Associated organism: any (distribution map)

Number of records. 955. Date information. 1894 (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec). Countries. Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, British Isles, Chile, China, former Rhodesia, former USSR, Georgia, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica, Moldova, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Venezuela, Zimbabwe, country not noted. Associated organisms. Absidia cylindrospora; Acremonium strictum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Alternaria alternata; Alternaria tenuissima; Alternaria sp.; Ampelomyces quisqualis; Amphisphaeria naumovii; Aplosporella sp.; Arcyria cinerea; Arcyria denudata; Arcyria insignis; Arcyria pomiformis; Armillaria mellea; Arthonia mediella; Arthopyrenia punctiformis; Ascochyta piricola; Aspergillus japonicus; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus tamarii; Athelia rolfsii; Auricularia mesenterica; Bacidia atrogrisea; Blumeria graminis; Botryosphaeria obtusa; Botryosphaeria quercuum; Botryosphaeria stevensii; Botryotinia fuckeliana; Botrytis sp.; Butlerelfia eustacei; Calomyxa metallica; Calosphaeria pulchella; Camarosporium karstenii; Ceratosphaeria pirina; Cercospora piricola; Cercospora pyri; Chaetomium sp.; Cladosporium cladosporioides; Cladosporium herbarum; Cladosporium sp.; Cliostomum griffithii; Comatricha nigra; Coniothecium chomatosporum; Coniothyrium pyricola; Coniothyrium pyrinum; Coniothyrium tirolense; Conoplea geniculata; Corticium salmonicolor; Coryneum longistipitatum; Cribraria violacea; Cryptosporiopsis corticola; Cucurbitaria acervata; Cunninghamella echinulata; Cylindrosporium piri; Cytospora sp.; Dasyscypha [orthography: should be Dasyscyphus] virida; Dermatea annamorica; Dermatea corticola; Dermatella polygonina; Diaporthe eres; Diaporthe perniciosa; Diatrype stigma; Didymium squamulosum; Diplocarpon mespili; Diplodia malorum; Diplodia piricola; Discosia artocreas; Discostroma corticola; Dothiorella conspersa; Echinostelium elachiston; Echinostelium minutum; Elsinoë pyri; Endoxyla rostrata; Epicoccum nigrum; Erwinia amylovora; Eutypella sorbi; Fenestella princeps; Fennellia flavipes; Fomes applanatus forma leucophaeus; Fraxinus sp.; Fulvia fulva; Fumago crustacea; Fumago vagans; Fumago sp.; Fungi indet.; Fusarium moniliforme var. intermedium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium sp.; Fusicladium pirinum; Fusicladium sp.; Ganoderma applanatum; Geotrichum sp.; Gibberella acuminata; Gibberella baccata; Gibberella intricans; Gibberella zeae; Gilbertella persicaria var. indica; Gliocladium roseum; Glomerella cingulata; Glomerella sp.; Gymnosporangium asiaticum; Gymnosporangium confusum; Gymnosporangium dobrozrakovae; Gymnosporangium sabinae; Gymnosporangium sp.; Hadrotrichum populi; Hendersonia acicola; Hendersonia piricola; Hendersonia vagans; Hypogymnia physodes; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; Lecanactis abietina; Lecanora argentata; Lecanora carpinea; Lecanora expallens; Lecanora hagenii; Lecanora pulicaris; Lecanora symmicta; Leptosphaeria lucilla; Leucocytospora leucostoma; Leucostoma auerswaldii; Leucostoma cinctum; Leucostoma niveum; Leucostoma persoonii; Libertella corticola; Licea belmontiana; Licea biforis; Licea castanea; Licea operculata; Lophodermium foliicola; Macbrideola cornea; Macrochytrium botryoides; Macrophoma piri; Malus domestica; Monilia foliicola; Monilinia fructigena; Monilinia laxa; Monochaetia sp.; Morthiera mespili; Mucor mucedo; Mucor piriformis; Mycosphaerella pomi; Mycosphaerella pyri; Mycosphaerella pyrina; Mycosphaerella tassiana; Myxosporium pyri; Naemaspora microspora; Nectria cinnabarina; Nectria ditissima; Nectria flammea; Nectria galligena; Nectria sp.; Nitschkia broomeiana; not identified; Ochropsora ariae; Oidiodendron sp.; Oospora hyalinula; Paecilomyces variotii; Penicillium atramentosum; Penicillium aurantiogriseum; Penicillium crustosum; Penicillium echinulatum; Penicillium expansum; Penicillium herquei; Penicillium pinophilum; Penicillium purpurogenum; Penicillium sp.; Perenniporia medulla-panis; Perenniporia subacida; Perichaena chrysosperma; Pestalotia hartigii; Pestalotia laurocerasi; Pezicula frangulae; Pezicula malicorticis; Phellinus igniarius; Phellinus pomaceus; Phellinus senex; Phellinus torulosus; Pholiota squarrosa; Phoma cava; Phoma eupyrena; Phoma exigua; Phoma macrostoma; Phoma pirina; Phoma pomorum; Phoma sp.; Phomopsis ambigua; Phomopsis perniciosa; Phyllactinia guttata; Phyllactinia mali; Phyllactinia suffulta forma piri; Phyllosticta azadii; Phyllosticta piricola; Phyllosticta pirina; Phyllosticta tirolensis; Physcia endoaurantiaca; Physcia stellaris; Phytophthora cactorum; Phytophthora cambivora; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Plenodomus enteroleucus; Pleospora herbarum; Podosphaera leucotricha; Poria ferruginosus; Poria megalopora; Potebniamyces pyri; Propolis farinosa; Pseudocercospora mali; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas syringae; Quadraspidiotus perniciosus; Quercus sp.; Rhizopus stolonifer; Rosellinia necatrix; Schismatomma pericleum; Schizothyrium pomi; Sclerophoma mali; Sclerophoma pithya; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Septobasidium sp.; Septoria piricola; Septoria sp.; Sphaeropsis malorum subsp. colorata; Sphaeropsis pseudodiplodia; Sphaeropsis sp.; Sporendonema sp.; Sporocadus rhododendri; Sporotrichum roseum; Stemonitis fusca; Stemphylium botryosum; Stereum hirsutum; Stictis elevata; Stigmina carpophila; Talaromyces wortmannii; Taphrina bullata; Trichoderma viride; Trichoderma sp.; Trichothecium roseum; Tubercularia sp.; Tuberculina persicina; Tympanis conspersa; Ulocladium atrum; Uredinales fam.indet.; Usnea prostrata; Valsa ambiens; Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens; Valsa amphibola; Valsa ceratosperma; Valsa malicola; Valsella adhaerens; Valsella melastoma; Venturia inaequalis; Venturia pirina; Venturia pyrina; Verticillium dahliae. Collections. B unnumbered; E unnumbered; KW [Mycology] 10656, N9039 136106, 136109, 136110, 136130, 136138, 136157, unnumbered; PREM 40, 255, 401, 1183, 1185, 2323, 9533, 10029, 10947, 10953, 15522, 18098, 20618, 20673, 20674, 21932, 21932, 21982, 24949, 26581, 32001, 34001, 35284, van der Byl, van der Byl, van der Byl, van der Byl 2; TBI unnumbered; TGM unnumbered; TGM [Darwin] 129, 659, 928, 929, 930, 931, 1111, 1620, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2244, 2501, 3457, 3467, 3468, 3571, 3572, 3573, 3574, 3575, 3576, 3577, 3578, 3579, 3580, 3581, 5825, 5826, 5827, 5828, 5829, 5830, 5831, 5832, 5833, 5834, 5835, 5836, 5837, 5838, 5839, 5840, 5841, 5842, 5843, 5844, 5845, 5846, 5847, 5848, 5849, 5850, 5851, 5852, 5853, 5854, 5855, 5856, 5857, 5858, 5859, 5860, 5861, 5862, 5863, 5864, 5865, 5866, 5867, 5868, 5869; UPS unnumbered. Literature. Andrianova & Dudka (1998) page(s) 7; Andrianova (1999) page(s) 62, 63; Andrianova (1999) page(s) 476; Anon. (1941) page(s) 81; Anon. (1942) page(s) 152, 153; Anon. (1943) page(s) 183; Anon. (1945) page(s) 224; Anon. (1946) page(s) 178; Anon. (1947) page(s) 237; Anon. (1951); Arentsen (1949) page(s) 86; Bagchee & Singh (1960); Barsukova (1972) page(s) 318; Bastidas (1933) page(s) 305; Bertero (1828) page(s) 596, 605; Bertero (1829) page(s) 642; Besoain (1908) page(s) 562; Bhardwaj & Dwivedi (1978); Bilgrami, Jamaluddin & Rizwi (1991) page(s) 18, 206, 219, 324, 333, 370; Bohovyk (1962); Borisova, Dvoinos & Lizak (1978) page(s) 278; Bratus (1949) page(s) 277, 278; Cannon, Hawksworth & Sherwood-Pike (1985); Chandra (1964); Cheremisinov (1971) page(s) 126; Cherepanova & Nguen Kuang Tho (1973) page(s) 295; Chona, Munjal & Kapoor (1957); Costa & Munkur (1948); Dasgupta & John (1990); Dennis (1970) page(s) 411; Dhar & Shah (1982); Doidge (1950) page(s) 144, 154, 165, 167, 482, 512, 632, 645, 654, 657, 682, 683, 691, 701, 718; Dubois (1888) page(s) 510; English, Moller & Nome (1967) page(s) 212; Garbowski (1924) page(s) 232, 236, 237, 240, 245, 254, 255, 259; Gizhytska (1926) page(s) 23, 25, 26, 27; Gizhytska (1929) page(s) 9, 32; Gizhytska (1929) page(s) 101; Graf (1940) page(s) 182; Gutsevich (1952) page(s) 73, 74; Gvritishvili (1968) page(s) 91; Heluta (1999) page(s) 481; Isikov & Kuznetsov (1990) page(s) 515; Isikov (1997) page(s) 15; Jalagonia (1969) page(s) 19; Jamaluddin, Tandon & Tandon (1975); Khara (1988); Kharkevich (1959) page(s) 75; Koul & Narain (1981); Lavitska (1949) page(s) 42, 44; Mandal & Dasgupta (1978); Marchenko (1963); Merezhko & Smyk (1991) page(s) 51; Merezhko (1980) page(s) 102; Mitrophanova (1969) page(s) 261; Moskovets (1933) page(s) 80, 83; Mujica (1943) page(s) 35; Mujica (1971) page(s) 42; Mujica, Vergara & Oehrens (1980) page(s) 146, 147; Nakhutsrishvili (1986) page(s) 294, 312, 335, 344, 345, 361, 362, 363, 373, 375, 384, 487, 489, 529, 535, 570, 572, 611, 634, 645, 655, 664, 692, 694, 717, 718, 719, 748, 774; Novozhilov (1988) page(s) 304, 305; Oehrens (1961) page(s) 59; Opazo (1915) page(s) 67, 69; Pinto & Carreño (1979) page(s) 5; Popushoi & Khripunova (1971) page(s) 305; Prasad (1938); Pridyuk (1998) page(s) 188; Pyetrushova & Voronin (1972), 391; Rao (1966); Rao (1966); Rayevska & Komaretska (1949) page(s) 54, 60; Reiche (1909) page(s) 397; Reiche (1934) page(s) 253; Rieuf (1969) page(s) 7, 13, 20, 32, 35, 37, 84, 110, 128, 130; Rieuf (1970) page(s) 179, 181, 188, 203, 216, 225, 278, 281, 282, 350; Roy & Sharma (1979); Sharma & Agarwal (1984); Sharma & Banyal (1996); Sharma & Rawla (1986); Sharma (1990); Simonyan (1994) page(s) 241, 329, 330; Singh (1943); Singh (1943); Sinha (1946); Sosin (1940) page(s) 381, 382; Spegazzini (1918) page(s) 101, 104; Spegazzini (1921) page(s) 88, 103; Srivastava & Tandon (1969); Sumbali & Mehrotra (1980); Sydow, Sydow & Butler (1911); Sydow, Sydow & Butler (1916); Teng (1996) page(s) 255; Tewari, Lal, Arya & Agarwal (1987); Tkachev (1978) page(s) 328, 329; Tollenaar & et al. (1970) page(s) 53; Tomic & et al. (1972) page(s) 162; Tranzschel (1902) page(s) 55; Tranzschel (1905) page(s) 44, 46; Tselle (1925) page(s) 16; Urtiaga (1986) page(s) 130; Valdebenito & Pinto (1971) page(s) 49, 50; Valdebenito & Pinto (1972) page(s) 149, 150, 152; Varlikh (1896) page(s) 482; Vergara (1953) page(s) 63; Vergara (1957) page(s) 54; Vinogradska (1958); Wróblewski (1922) page(s) 32.