Scientific name

Meliola bicornis G. Winter [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 4 (Additamenta vols 1-4): 396; 9: 422; 12: 424; 20: 59; 24: 304; 26: 98]

Synonyms

Meliola bicornis var. heterotricha Speg. [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 24: 304] Meliola desmodii P. Karst. & Roum. [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 9: 415; 12: 425; 20: 60] Meliola desmodiicola Beeli [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 24: 305. Petrak's Lists 1: 225] Meliola gliricidiae Syd. & P. Syd. [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 24: 306] Meliola lonchocarpicola var. sanctidominici Cif. [IndexFungorum. Petrak's Lists 8: 59] Meliola meibomiae var. victoriana Syd. [IndexFungorum. Petrak's Lists 5: 231] Meliola trinidadensis F. Stevens & Tehon [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 26: 127. Petrak's Lists 3: 209] Meliola zollingeri var. minor Beeli [IndexFungorum. Sylloge Fungorum 24: 305. Petrak's Lists 1: 226]

Vernacular names

None known.

Taxonomic position

Meliolaceae, Meliolales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi.

Red List assessment

Least Concern [IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. Level: global].

Rationale

This evaluation is based on 1503 records [breakdown: Cybernome (9 records); IndexFungorum (9 records); other catalogues (19 records)]. There are 559 records with dates, the earliest 0 (the species was first described in 1886), the most recent 2015. Of dated records, 6% are post 1960. This species is recorded from 44 countries distributed through 7 continents and regions. This fungus is known to occur in association with 133 other species belonging in 55 genera. This species is widely distributed and associated with more than one other genus. An appreciable proportion of the dated records were made after 1960.

Reasons for change from previous assessment

None: not previously assessed.

Date of assessment

29 November 2025.

Name/s of the assessor/s

D.W. Minter

Text documentation

Taxonomy. No comment. Geographical distribution. Angola (Cuando Cubango); Brazil (Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Santa Catarina); Burma; Cameroon; China; Colombia (Antioquia); Congo (unspecified); Costa Rica (San José); Cuba (Granma, Holguín); Democratic Republic of the Congo (former Kivu, Kongo Central, Kwilu, Sud-Ubangi); Dominica (St Joseph); Dominican Republic (Espaillat, La Vega, Monseñor Nouel, Monte Cristi, San Cristóbal, Santiago, Santo Domingo); Ecuador; former British Togo; former Sudan; Germany; Ghana (Ashanti, Central, Eastern); Guinea; Guyana; Honduras (Atlántida, Santa Barbara); India (Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu); Indonesia (Java, Maluku); Jamaica (Portland); Kenya; Malaysia (Perak, Sabah, Sarawak); Nigeria (Oyo); Pakistan; Panama; Papua New Guinea (Madang, New Guinea); Paraguay; Philippines (Bicol, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Cordillera Administrative Region, Ilocos, Luzon, Southern Tagalog); Puerto Rico (Añasco, Adjuntas, Arecibo, Guaynabo, Humacao, Las Marías, Maricao, Mayagüez, Ponce, Quebradillas, San Juan, Utuado, Vega Alta, Yáuco, Yabucoa); São Tomé and Príncipe (São Tomé); Sierra Leone; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Surinam; Taiwan; Togo; Trinidad & Tobago (Caroni, St George, Trinidad); Uganda (Central); USA; Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Distrito Federal, Miranda, Táchira, Trujillo); Vietnam; Virgin Islands (unspecified). IUCN area statistics [km²] AOO EOO Pre-1961 660 179,318,307 1961-2000 72 89,696,058 Post-2000 8 insufficient data Associated organisms and substrata [IUCN Red List status, if known]. Fungi (part): Atractilina parasitica (G. Winter) Deighton & Piroz.; Dimerium piceum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Theiss.; Nectria erubescens (Roberge) W. Phillips & Plowr.; Trichothyrium reptans (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Hughes. Plantae (part): Abrus canescens Baker (leaf); Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. (leaf); Adenanthera microsperma (leaf); Aeschynomene deightonii Hepper [NT]; Aeschynomene schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich. [LC]; Aeschynomene sp. (leaf); Afzelia bracteata Vogel ex Benth.; Afzelia sp.; Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel.) C.A. Sm. [LC]; Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. [LC]; Albizia sp.; Bradburya pubescens (Benth.) Kuntze; Bradburya virginiana (L.) Kuntze; Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. (leaf); Calopogonium orthocarpum Urban; Cassia pinetorum Britt.; Centrosema pubescens Benth. (leaf); Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. (leaf); Chamaecrista glandulosa var. picardiae (Urb.) Irwin & Barneby; Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth; Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. (leaf); Crotalaria sp. (leaf); Dalbergia afzeliana G. Don [LC] (leaf); Dalbergia saxatilis Hook. f. [LC] (leaf); Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. [LC] (leaf); Dalbergia sp.; Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. [LC] (leaf); Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. [LC]; Desmodium canum (J.F. Gmel.) Schinz. & Thellung (leaf); Desmodium capitatum DC.; Desmodium cephalotes (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (leaf); Desmodium elegans DC. (leaf); Desmodium frutescens Schindl.; Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium incanum (Sw.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium lasiocarpum (P. Beauv.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium latifolium (Roxb.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium mauritianum (Willd.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth. [LC] (leaf); Desmodium ramosissimum G. Don; Desmodium repandum DC.; Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. [LC]; Desmodium scalpe (Comm.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium supinum DC.; Desmodium tiliifolium (D. Don) G. Don [LC] (leaf); Desmodium triangulare (Retz.) Merr. (leaf); Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium umbellatum (L.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. (leaf); Desmodium virgatum Zoll. (leaf); Desmodium sp. (epiphylle sur les feuilles, leaf); Dolicholus reticulatus (Sw.) Millsp.; Dolichos trilobus L. (leaf); Dumasia villosa DC. [LC] (leaf); Entada africana Guill. & Perr. [LC]; Eriosema glomeratum (Guill. & Perr.) Hook. f.; Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G. Don (leaf); Eriosema spicatum Hook. f. [LC] (leaf); Eriosema sp. (leaf); Erythrina abyssinica Lam. [LC]; Erythrina addisoniae Hutch. & Dalziel; Erythrina corallodendron L. [LC]; Erythrina cristagalli L. [LC] (leaf); Erythrina cubensis C. Wr.; Erythrina pallida Britton & Rose [LC] (leaf); Erythrina senegalensis DC. [LC] (leaf, plant); Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. [LC] (leaf); Erythrina tomentosa R. Br. (leaf); Erythrina sp. (leaf); Erythrina sp.; Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze ex Merr.; Flemingia sp. (leaf); Galactia sp. (leaf); Gliricidia maculata (Kunth) Steud. [LC]; Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (leaf); Gliricidia sp.; Glycine javanica L. (leaf); Indigofera cylindrica DC.; Indigofera elliotii (Baker f.) J.B. Gillett [LC]; Indigofera heudelotti (leaf); Indigofera macrophylla (leaf); Indigofera natalensis Bolus; Indigofera natalensis Bolus (leaf); Leptoderris fasciculata (Benth.) Dunn; Leptoderris sp.; Lisianthus chelonoides L. f.; Lonchocarpus cyanescens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Benth. (leaf); Lonchocarpus domingensis (Pers.) DC. (leaf); Lonchocarpus glaucifolius Urb. (leaf); Lonchocarpus longipes Urb.; Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) DC. [LC] (leaf); Lonchocarpus sp. (leaf); Meibomia adscendens (Sw.) Kuntze; Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) Kuntze; Meibomia cana S.F. Blake; Meibomia supina (Sw.) Britton; Meibomia sp. (leaf); Millettia auriculata Brandis; Millettia glaucescens Kurz; Millettia laurentii Wildem. [EN]; Millettia pallens Stapf [LC] (leaf); Millettia stapfiana Dunn [LC] (leaf); Millettia zechiana Harms [LC] (plant); Millettia sp. (leaf, plant); Mimosa alba; Mimosa ceratonia L.; Mimosa procurrens Benth.; Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Holland; Mucuna sp.; Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A. Chev.; Ostryoderris leucobotrya Dunn [LC]; Ostryoderris sp.; Ostryoderris sp. (leaf); Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv.; Pseudarthria fagifolia Baker; Psophocarpus palmettorum (leaf); Psophocarpus palustris (leaf); Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Hér. ex DC. [LC]; Pterocarpus sp.; Pycnospora lutescens (Poir.) Schindl. (leaf); Rhynchosia calycina (leaf); Rhynchosia cyanosperma Benth. ex Baker (leaf); Rhynchosia pycnostachya (DC.) Meikle; Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC. (leaf); Securidaca volubilis L. [LC]; Simarouba tulae Urb.; Solanum sp.; Stizolobium sp.; Tephrosia elegans Schumach. (leaf); Tephrosia sp. (leaf); Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng.; Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. Protista: Dermodium Link Link. Untraced or unverified: Erythrina corallodendron; Dermodium Link Link. Habitat and ecology. Amenity: park. Cultivated: field. Woodland. Threats. Climate change. Not known. Habitat destruction. The following plants associated with this species are listed by the IUCN as threatened: Aeschynomene deightonii [NT]; Millettia laurentii [EN]; Millettia laurentii [EN]. Persecution. Not known. Pollution. Not known. Population. Not known. With no direct information, observation frequency over time, if available, can be considered as a proxy to infer current population trend; for species associated with trees, loss of woodland cover over time is another possible proxy. Observation frequency over time. The species was first described in 1886. There are 559 datable records of this species. The earliest is 1886 and the most recent is 2015. The profile of dated records is: pre-1961 (527); 1961-2000 (30); post-2000 (2); Observations have declined sharply. Loss of tree cover over time. This species occurs associated with trees in the following countries (percentage loss of tree cover between 2001 and 2024 in brackets): Congo (unspecified) (no information); Cuba (10%); Democratic Republic of the Congo (11%); Dominican Republic (15%); Ghana (25%); Guinea (28%); Honduras (19%); Indonesia (20%); Jamaica (7.4%); Malaysia (32%); Nigeria (no information); Pakistan (no information); Philippines (8.2%); Puerto Rico (15%); Sierra Leone (39%); Togo (15%); Trinidad & Tobago (6.5%); Uganda (15%); Virgin Islands (unspecified) (no information) [figures from 'Forest change' tab of Global Forest Watch]. Current trend (inferred). Long-term steep decline possibly driven by habitat destruction. Conservation actions (in situ). None known. Protected: reserve. Conservation actions (ex situ). Culture collections. Straininfo: check current status. Genome banks. European Nucleotide Archive: check current status; NCBI: check current status. Economic impacts (positive). Bioremediation. None known. Biotechnology. None known. Cultural. None known. Ecosystem services. None known. Feed (animals). None known. Food (human). None known. Medical/veterinary. None known. Economic impacts (negative). Biodeterioration. None known. Disease. None known. Invasiveness. None known.