GLOBAL SAMPLED RED LIST INDEX
OF THE ASCOMYCOTA

Baseline Evaluation

Information Sources

Books     Catalogues     Common names     Databases     Indexes     Reference collections     Scientific names     Taxonomy

On this page, information sources used to make the evaluations are listed, with comments.

BOOKS

This category includes some book-sized works from serial publications. As far as was practically possible, all fungal records were separately digitized and are now stored either in the main database of Cybertruffle's Robigalia (available on-line) or in one of its feeder databases (awaiting final editing and not yet available on-line). As the quality of records from the feeder database may sometimes be slightly lower, sources of records still at editing stage are indicated.

  • Cannon, P.F.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Sherwood-Pike, M.A. The British Ascomycotina, an Annotated Checklist. 302 pp., 1985 UK, Kew; CMI & British Mycological Society.

  • Castellani, E. Elenco Annotato dei Funghi della Somalia. i-ii, 150 pp., 1988. Italy, Firenze; Biblioteca Agraria Tropicale. [in editing queue]

  • Chardón, C.E.; Toro, R.A. Mycological explorations of Venezuela. Monographs of the University of Puerto Rico Series B 2: 1-351, 34 plates, 1934.

  • Ciferri, R. Mycoflora Domingensis Integrata. Quaderno. Laboratorio Crittogamico, Istituto Botanico della Università di Pavia 19: 539 pp., 1961.

  • Dennis, R.W.G. Fungus flora of Venezuela and adjacent countries. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 3: i-xxxiv, 531 pp., 15 colour plates, 9 figs, 1970.

  • Doidge, E.M.. The South African fungi and lichens to the end of 1945. Bothalia 5: 1-1094, 10 pls (1 col.), 11 maps, 1950. [in editing queue]

  • Farr, D.F.; Bills, G.F.; Chamuris, G.P.; Rossman, A.Y. Fungi on Plants & Plant Products in the United States. 1252 pp., 1989. USA, Minnesota, St Paul; APS Press.

  • Gamundí, I.J.; Minter, D.W.; Romero, A.I.; Barrera, V.A.; Giaiotti, A.L.; Messuti, M.I.; Stecconi, M. Checklist of the discomycetes (Fungi) of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and adjacent antarctic areas. Darwiniana 42 (1-4): 63-164, 2004.

  • Hansford, C.G. The Meliolineae. A monograph. Beihefte zur Sydowia 2: i-v, 1-806, vii-ix, 1961.

  • Kopachevskaya, E.H. [The Lichen Flora of Crimea and its Evaluation]. 296 pp., 1986. Ukraine, Kiev, Naukova Dumka. [in editing queue]

  • Lizoň, P.; Bacigálová, K. Huby [Fungi]. In K. Marhold & F. Hindák, Zoznam Nižšich a Vyšších Rastlín Slovenska [ Checklist of Non-vascular and Vascular Plants of Slovakia] 687 pp., 1998. Slovakia, Bratislava, Veda.

  • Minter, D.W.; Dudka, I.O. Fungi of Ukraine. A Preliminary Checklist. 1-361, 1996. UK, Egham & Ukraine, Kiev; International Mycological Institute & M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany.

  • Lenné, J.M. A world list of fungal diseases of tropical pasture species. Phytopathological Papers 31: i-xv, 1-162, 1990. [in editing queue]

  • Minter, D.W.; Rodríguez Hernández, M.; Mena Portales, J. Fungi of the Caribbean, An Annotated Checklist. 946 pp., 2001. UK, London, Isleworth; PDMS Publishing.

  • Mujica, R.F.; Vergara, C.C.; Oehrens, B.E. Flora Fungosa Chilena. Edn 2. Ciencias Agrícolas, no. 5. 308 pp., 1980. Chile, Santiago de Chile; Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Agronomia.

  • Nakhutsrishvili, I.G. Флора Споровых Растений Грузий (Конспект) [Flora of Spore-producing Plants of Georgia (Summary)]. 888 pp, 1986. Тбилиси; "Мецниереба", Институт Ботаники им. Н.Н. Кецховели, Академия Наук Грузинской ССР.

  • Rieuf, P. Parasites et saprophytes des plantes au Maroc. Cahier de la Récherche Agronomique 27: i-iv, 1-178, 1 map, 1 erratum slip, 1969. [in editing queue]

  • Rieuf, P. Parasites et saprophytes des plantes au Maroc. Cahier de la Récherche Agronomique 28: i-vi, 179-357, 1 map, 1 erratum slip, 1970. [in editing queue]

  • Sankaran, K.V.; Sutton, B.C.; Minter, D.W. A checklist of fungi recorded on Eucalyptus. Mycological Papers 170: 1-376, 1995.

  • Silva, Manuela da; Minter, D.W. Fungi from Brazil recorded by Batista and co-workers. Mycological Papers 169: 1-585, 1995.

  • Simonian, S.A. [Fungi of Armenia VII. Powdery Mildews of Armenia (order Erysiphales)]. 384 pp., 1994. Armenia, Yerevan; Izdatel'stvo A.N. Armenii. [in editing queue]

  • Stevenson, J.A. The fungi of Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Contributions of the Reed Herbarium 23: 1-743, 1975.

  • Stewart, R.B.; Yirgou, D. Index of plant diseases of Ethiopia. Experiment Station Bulletin 30: 1-95, 1967. [in editing queue]

  • Tarr, S.A.J. The Fungi and Plant Diseases of the Sudan. i-x, 127 pp., 1955. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [in editing queue]

  • Teng, S.C. Fungi of China. i-xiv, 586 pp., 1996. USA, New York, Ithaca; Mycotaxon Ltd. [in editing queue]

    CATALOGUES

    Mycology is fortunate to have, more or less, a complete record of all the scientific names ever applied to fungi. These are contained in a great series of catalogues, production of which continues even now, although paper copy may soon be replaced by digital on-line publication. The catalogues are listed in full below. Those which can be freely viewed as individual scanned page images through the Cybertruffle digital on-line mycological library Cyberliber (most of them) are indicated. In addition to listing new scientific names (used to compile the databases listed in Scientific names and Taxonomy below, they contain substantial amounts of information about when, where and on what fungi have been recorded. At present, that information is not in a searchable format.

    INDEX OF FUNGI

  • Index of Fungi Volumes: 1-7, 1940-2009. UK, Wallingford, CAB International. [vols 1-4 available on Cyberliber]

  • Index of Fungi Supplement: Lichens 1961-1969, 1970. UK, Wallingford, CAB International. [available on Cyberliber]

  • Index of Fungi Saccardo's Omissions, 1985. UK, Wallingford, CAB International.

  • Index of Fungi Supplement to Petrak's Lists 1920-1939, 1969. UK, Wallingford, CAB International. [available on Cyberliber]

    LAMB

  • Lamb, I.M. Index Nominum Lichenum Inter Annos 1932 et 1960 Divulgatorum. i-xii, 1-810, 1963. USA, New York; The Ronald Press Company. [available on Cyberliber]

    PETRAK'S LISTS

    Eight volumes. [all available on Cyberliber]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1920. Index of Fungi 1920. 107-187, 1953. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 48 (2): 184-256, 1930]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1921. Index of Fungi 1921. 107-177, 1953. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 49 (2): 267-336, 1931]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1922-1928. Index of Fungi 1922-1928. 1-408, 1953. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 56 (2): 291-697, 1937]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1929. Index of Fungi 1929. 185-226, 1952. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 57 (2): 592-631, 1938]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1930. Index of Fungi 1930. 171-294, 1952. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 58 (1): 447-570, 1938]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1931. Index of Fungi 1931. 169-235, 1953. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 60 (1): 449-514, 1939]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1932-1935. Index of Fungi 1932-1935. 1-252, 1955. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute. [Reprinted from Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht 63 (2): 805-1056, 1944]

  • Petrak, F. List of New Species and Varieties of Fungi, New Combinations and New Names Published, 1936-1939. Index of Fungi 1936-1939. 1-117, 1950. UK, Surrey, Kew; Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

    SACCARDO'S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM

    Twenty-six volumes by various authors, traditionally collectively attributed to P.A. Saccardo. [all available on Cyberliber]

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 1: i-xviii, 1-768, 1882. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 2: i, 1-815, ii-lxviii, 1-77, 1883. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 3: i-ii, 1-860, 1884. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 4: i-v, 1-807, 1886. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Berlese, A.N.; Voglino, P. Sylloge Fungorum 4A (additamenta): 1-484, 1886. Padua, Italy; A.N. Berlese & P. Voglino.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Cuboni, G.; Mancini, V. Sylloge Fungorum 5: 1-1146, 1887. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Cuboni, G.; Mancini, V. Sylloge Fungorum 6: 1-928, 1888. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Berlese, A.N.; De Toni, J.B.; Fischer, E. Sylloge Fungorum 7 (1): i, 1-498, i-xxx, 1888. Italy, Padua, P.A. Saccardo.

  • Berlese, A.N.; De Toni, J.B.; Fischer, E. Sylloge Fungorum 7 (2): 450A-498A, 499-882, xxxi-lix, 1888. Italy, Padua, P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Paoletti, G.; Berlese, A.; De-Toni, G.B.; Trevisan, V.B.A. Sylloge Fungorum 8: 1-1143, ix-xvii, 1889. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 9: i, 1-1141, 1891. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 10: i-iii, 1-964, i-xxx, 1892. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum 11: i-vii, 1-753, 1895. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Sydow, P. Sylloge Fungorum 12: iii-viii [ix-xii], 1-1053, 1897. Germany, Berlin, Fratres Borntraeger.

  • Sydow, P. Sylloge Fungorum 13: i-vi, 1-1340, 1898. Germany, Berlin, Fratres Borntraeger.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Sydow, P. Sylloge Fungorum 14 (1): i-vi, 1-724, 1899. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Sydow, P. Sylloge Fungorum 14 (2): 725-1316, 1899. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Mussat, E. Sylloge Fungorum 15: iii-viii, 1-455, 1901. France, Paris; Octave Doin.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Sydow, P. Sylloge Fungorum 16: i-viii, 1-1291, 1902. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Saccardo, D.A. Sylloge Fungorum 17: 1-991, 1905. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Saccardo, D.A. Sylloge Fungorum 18: 1-839, 1906. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Traverso, J.B. Sylloge Fungorum. Index Iconum Fungorum A-L. 19: i-xi, 1-1158, 1910. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A. Sylloge Fungorum. Index Iconum Fungorum M-Z. 20: i, 1-1310, 1911. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Trotter, A. Sylloge Fungorum 21: [i-iv] v-xv, 1-928, 1912. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Trotter, A. Sylloge Fungorum 22: 1-1612, 1913. Italy, Padua; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Saccardo, D.; Traverso, G.B.; Trotter, A. Sylloge Fungorum 23: 1-1026, 1925. Italy, Abellini; P.A. Saccardo.

  • Trotter, A. Sylloge Fungorum 24 (1): 1-703, 1926. Abellini, Italy, Abellini, Pergola; Saccardo Estate.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Saccardo, D.; Traverso, G.B.; Trotter, A. Sylloge Fungorum 24 (2): 705-1438, 1928. Italy, Abellini, Pergola; Saccardo Estate.

  • Saccardo, P.A.; Saccardo, D.; Traverso, G.B.; Trotter, A. Sylloge Fungorum 25: 1-1093, 1931. Italy, Abellini, Pergola; Saccardo Estate.

  • Trotter, A.; Cash, E.K. Sylloge Fungorum 26: 1-1563, 1972. USA, New York & UK, London; Johnson Reprint Corporation.

    ZAHLBRUCKNER'S CATALOGUS LICHENUM UNIVERSALIS

    Ten volumes. [all available on Cyberliber]

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 1: i-iii, 1-696, 1922 Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 2: 1-815, 1923 [1924]. Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 3: 1-899, 1925 Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 4: 1-754, 1926 [1927]. Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 5: 1-814, 1928 Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 6: 1-618, 1930 Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 7: 1-784, 1930 [1931]. Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 8: 1-612, 1931 [1932]. Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 9: [i-ii], 1-606, 1933-1934 [1934]. Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

  • Zahlbruckner, A. Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 10: [i-iv], 1-660, 1938-1940 [1940]. Germany, Leipzig; Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger.

    COMMON NAMES

    Common names are much less frequently used for fungi than for flowering plants or vertebrates. Most fungi have not yet been discovered, and so have no name at all, common, scientific or otherwise. Those which are known, generally only have a scientific name, and do not have any common name in any language.

  • English Common Names. The list of English common names of fungi produced by the British Mycological Society in 2005. This list contains English names of 500 common fungi and 500 fungi of conservation interest in the UK. A digitized version was kindly supplied by Dr P.M. Kirk. Very few of the species evaluated through the present work have an English common name.

  • Other Common Names. Common names of fungi in languages other than English do not appear in the present work.

    DATABASES

    Several on-line databases provide information about when and where fungi occur. Some also provide information about associations organisms with which fungi grow. At the time of the present work, it was in general not possible to interrogate those databases mechanically, making their usefulness limited to manual consultation. For three of the largest on-line mycological databases mechanical interrogation was possible during preparation of the present red list evaluations. Those databases are listed below.

  • Cybertruffle's Robigalia [www.cybertruffle.org.uk/robigalia/eng]. This database contains digitized records from all the books listed above, plus further records including extensive information about fungi occurring on or in association with Eucalyptus species (compiled by Dr K.V. Sankaran) and with Pinus species (compiled by Dr J. Marmolejo), and records of tarspot fungi (compiled by Dr D.W. Minter).

    In addition, associated with this database, but in an editorial queue and not yet available on-line, there are records of dung fungi (contributed by Dr M. Richardson), of fungi mainly from countries of the former Soviet Union (extracted from Mycology and Phytopathology [as Микология и Фитопатология]), and miscellaneous other smaller data sets.

  • Checklist of Fungi of the British Isles [www.fieldmycology.net/FRDBI/FRDBI.asp]. At the time of the current work, this database contained approximately 1.55 million records of fungi from forays of the British Mycological Society, various surveys, forays of many local recording groups, individuals and published records of British fungi from the Transactions of the British Mycological Society, the Bulletin of the British Mycological Society, and their successors Mycological Research, The Mycologist, Field Mycology and other publications. Relevant records from this database were made available through the kind collaboration of Dr P.M. Kirk.

  • USDA Fungal Databases [http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases]. Among other resources, these databases include information from the labels of more than 750,000 specimens in the US National Fungus Collections, including names of organisms associated with each fungus and the locality where the specimen was collected. Sixty percent of these specimens are from the United States. Relevant records from this database were made available through the kind collaboration of Dr D.F. Farr.

    INDEXES

    Where they exist, indexes to specialist books and relevant scientific journals can provide an easily developed resource for mechanically locating potential sources of information. For the present work, suitable indexes were identified, scanned, and the resulting digitized images passed through OCR software. The text was then checked against the original, and edited to a format suitable for reading into a database. The following works received this treatment, and the resulting database was used in preparation of the red list evaluations.

    Indexes of books

  • Brodo, I.M.; Duran Sharnoff, S.; Sharnoff, S. Lichens of North America. 795 pp., 2001. USA, New Haven & UK, London; Yale University Press. [scientific names only]

    Indexes of journals

  • Annales Mycologici. Volumes: 6, 12, 15, 21-38.

  • Lichenologist. Volumes: 1-35.

  • Mycologia. Volumes: 1-70, 74-76, 78, 79, 81, 83, 85.

  • Mycological Papers. Volumes: 1-99.

  • Mycology and Phytopathology [as Микология и Фитопатология]. Volumes: 1-12.

  • Mycotaxon. Volumes: 1-106, 108.

  • Persoonia. Volumes: 1-18.

  • Sydowia. Volumes: 1-45.

  • Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. Volumes: 19-28, 30.

    REFERENCE COLLECTIONS

  • HAJB. The reference collection of the Mycology Laboratory of the Jardín Botánico Nacional, Havana, Cuba.

  • IES. The reference collection of the Mycology Laboratory of the Instituto de Ecologia y Sistemática, Académia Nacional de Ciencias, Havana, Cuba.

  • IMI. The reference collection of the former International Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK.

  • KWM. The reference collection of the Mycology Department of the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Kiev, Ukraine.

    SCIENTIFIC NAMES

    Almost all of the scientific names which have been used for fungi are available from on-line databases. The two databases listed below have been the main of these names, and they in turn are derived from the catalogues listed above. For scientific names of other organisms (animals, monerans, plants, protista etc.) only the Cybernome database was used. At the time of preparing the present red list evaluations, both databases contained numerous inconsistencies and errors, and although most names existed as database records, there were often significant data elements missing from those records. The work of preparing red list evaluations therefore involved considerable research resulting in the updating of those records. Because of delays in making those updates available on-line, there may be errors in some hyperlinks from the red list evaluations.

  • Cybernome. The nomenclatural and taxonomic database of the Cybertruffle website. Provides information about scientific names of all types of organisms at all taxonomic ranks, but coverage is incomplete.

  • IndexFungorum. The de facto world standard nomenclator for fungal names up to the rank of species.

    TAXONOMY

    The fungal taxonomy at generic level and above follows the 10th edition of Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, published in 2008. Although this taxonomy has been incorporated in the master copy of the Cybernome database of Cybertruffle, that up-dated version has not, at the time of preparing this website, been made available on-line. This is an acknowledged deficiency of the present work. In almost all cases, however, hyperlinks lead on to the second point of reference, IndexFungorum, where the more recent classifications can generally be found. Updating the on-line version of Cybernome will be a priority for future work.

  • Cybernome. The nomenclatural and taxonomic database of the Cybertruffle website.

  • Dictionary of the Fungi. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn, 2008.


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